=== versions ===
python 3.12.0 | pointpats 2.6.0 | geopandas 1.2.0 | shapely 2.2.0 | scipy 1.18.1 | numpy 2.5.4

=== Camden trees ===
28,128 tree records (snapshot uploaded 26 October 2026)
27,883 with coordinates
27,604 inside the borough boundary (21.78 km2, perimeter 26.2 km)
by contract area: {'Highways': 11928, 'Housing': 9805, 'Parks': 4308, 'Education': 1347, 'Corporate Landlord': 193, 'Valuers': 23}
London plane: 3,293 records, 1 at duplicate coordinates dropped -> n = 3,292
  by contract area: {'Highways': 1987, 'Housing': 697, 'Parks': 541, 'Education': 63, 'Corporate Landlord': 4}
all council trees at distinct locations: 27,403
windows: borough 21.78 km2 | within 100 m of a council tree 17.77 km2 | bounding box of the planes 47.31 km2
intensity: 1.51 planes per hectare (151 per km2)

=== quadrat test (500 m squares) ===
98 cells (60 complete squares), 3,258 planes counted, 10 empty cells
chi2 = 2,770.6, df = 97, p < 1e-300
variance/mean ratio on complete squares: 28.12 (1 under CSR, > 1 clustered, < 1 regular)
   250 m squares: 368 cells, chi2 = 5,399.4, df = 367, p < 1e-300
  1000 m squares: 28 cells, chi2 = 1,487.4, df = 27, p = 4.9e-297

=== Clark-Evans nearest-neighbour index ===
mean NND 15.5 m, median 10.4 m, 10.5% under 5 m, 74.5% under 15 m
CSR expectation 0.5/sqrt(lambda) = 40.7 m -> R = 0.380, z = -68.0, p < 1e-300
Donnelly edge-corrected expectation 41.1 m -> R = 0.376, z = -66.5
Monte Carlo: mean NND under CSR in the borough 41.1 m (range 40.3-42.1); one-sided p = 0.005 (floor 0.005)

=== G, F, K and L functions (border correction, CSR envelopes) ===
54,441 F-function sample points on a 20 m grid; 1,398 of 3,292 planes are at least 500 m from the boundary
G: above the envelope at 3-80 m (78 of 81 distances), below at none
F: above the envelope at none (0 of 81 distances), below at 10-400 m
K: above the envelope at 5-500 m (100 of 101 distances), below at none
  r =  10 m: L(r) - r =   31.6 m (CSR envelope  -1.6 to   1.8)
  r =  50 m: L(r) - r =   78.6 m (CSR envelope  -1.5 to   1.5)
  r = 100 m: L(r) - r =   95.3 m (CSR envelope  -1.8 to   1.9)
  r = 200 m: L(r) - r =  103.4 m (CSR envelope  -3.0 to   3.0)
  r = 400 m: L(r) - r =   89.0 m (CSR envelope  -6.6 to   7.2)
G(15 m) = 0.76 (CSR envelope 0.083-0.119)
F(100 m) = 0.55 (CSR envelope 0.99-1.00)

=== window shape and edge correction ===
planes at least r from the window edge: borough 2,210 at 250 m, 1,398 at 500 m | support window 898 at 250 m, 27 at 500 m (curve dropped beyond 445 m)
r = 100 m: L - r =  184.7 (pointpats, bounding box) |   93.2 (borough, no correction) |   95.3 (borough, border) |   78.7 (100 m support window, border)
           CSR mean in the borough:   -1.3 without correction,  -0.1 with border correction
r = 250 m: L - r =  263.3 (pointpats, bounding box) |   98.3 (borough, no correction) |   99.9 (borough, border) |   77.2 (100 m support window, border)
           CSR mean in the borough:   -7.5 without correction,  -0.2 with border correction
r = 500 m: L - r =  333.0 (pointpats, bounding box) |   65.1 (borough, no correction) |   76.3 (borough, border) |    nan (100 m support window, border)
           CSR mean in the borough:  -28.9 without correction,  -0.5 with border correction

=== global MAD test against CSR ===
MAD on L(r) - r, 0-500 m: observed 103.9 m; CSR simulations 2.5 m median, 10.3 m max; p = 0.005
pointwise envelope check: 13% of CSR patterns leave the envelope of the other 198 at one or more of 101 distances

=== random labelling: are planes more clustered than council trees in general? ===
L - r vs random labelling: above the envelope at 5-465 m (93 of 101 distances), below at none
  r =  20 m: planes   54.7 m | all council trees   20.1 m | random-label envelope   18.3 to   22.2
  r =  50 m: planes   78.6 m | all council trees   31.0 m | random-label envelope   28.8 to   34.8
  r = 100 m: planes   95.3 m | all council trees   42.0 m | random-label envelope   38.7 to   46.8
  r = 200 m: planes  103.4 m | all council trees   52.9 m | random-label envelope   47.6 to   58.7
  r = 400 m: planes   89.0 m | all council trees   66.4 m | random-label envelope   56.5 to   75.9
MAD test vs random labelling: observed 54.4 m; simulations median 4.6 m, max 14.9 m; p = 0.005
  restricted to 0-100 m: p = 0.005
  restricted to 100-500 m: p = 0.005

wrote output\camden_london_planes.gpkg and output\camden_windows.gpkg